depleter

A non-ozone depleter with near-zero GWP (global warming potential), Sion offers all the cleaning benefits of Trike and restricted chlorinated solvents while offering an unrivalled environmental profile.

A new ASTM international standard on the solubility of asphalt will provide an alternative for a solvent that has been banned as an ozone depleter by the Kyoto Protocol, an international environmental treaty with the goal of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations that may help minimise global warming.

Several different cellular and cytokine targets have been identified, with specific inhibitors now approved to treat RA, including the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab), an interleukin 1 (IL1) antagonist (anakinra), an inhibitor of T cell co-stimulation (abatacept), and a selective depleter of B cells (rituximab).

PCBTF has the commercial name "Oxsol 100." The EPA and state regulators have determined that PCBTF is not an ozone depleter and hence is exempt from VOC considerations.

Celli, a major manufacturer of power-driven tillage tools, has developed a system to reduce soil pathogens to replace methyl bromide, widely used throughout the world as a soil sterilant but being phased out as it is an ozone depleter (see sidebar).

Halon 1211, a brominated chlorofluorocarbon, was identified as a depleter of the ozone layer.

Methyl bromide, which is still sometimes used as a termiticide, aerates more slowly and is an ozone depleter. The Environmental Protection Agency is phasing it out by 2005 in order to comply with Clean Air Act regulations.

The phaseout stems from evidence that methyl bromide is an ozone depleter, that is, a substance that destroys the protective ozone layer of Earth's atmosphere.

Furthermore, since 1992 methyl bromide has been listed as an ozone depleter under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

Daly lists as chief among these policies shifting the tax base from income to throughput in order to internalize environmental production and consumption costs "so that the polluter and the depleter pay."(48) Daly recognizes that this approach is inherently regressive; however, he suggests that this negative effect could be remedied by imposing a stiff income tax on "very high" incomes and a negative tax on "very low" incomes.(49) In the last part of Beyond Growth, Daly further addresses equitable distribution of resources by proposing a limit on the income disparity between the rich and poor.(50) He suggests a factor of ten range based upon historical precedents, but notes that the precise limit is arbitrary.(51)

"We have to hold the Administration's feet to the fire," says John Passacantando of the D.C.-based group Ozone Action, which is fighting a two-front battle against Republican plans to kill the Montreal Treaty on chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) phase-outs and Administration attempts to permit farmers in California and Florida (two key electoral states) to continue using methyl bromide, another ozone depleter. "I'm convinced Administration strategy is to talk a good environmental message," Passacantando says.

But it is an ozone depleter and is being phased out of use.