The 22 tRNA genes and their
anticodon sequences were identified by their proposed cloverleaf secondary structures drawn by tRNAscan-SE software (Lowe and Eddy, 1997).
Each modern tRNA has at its lower end an "
anticodon" that it uses to recognize and stick to a complementary codon on an mRNA.
The mutation of m.T14709C affects a highly conserved and functionally important nucleotide flanking the
anticodon of the mt-tRNA Glu and directly affects the functions of the tRNA Glu by altering the secondary structure of this tRNA, which would disrupt mitochondrial protein synthesis.[34] This is also proved by McFarland et al .
This SNP is an intergenic and 124 kb away from the TRNAS-GGA [transfer RNA serine (
anticodon GGA)] gene.
In the mammalian system, cytosine-5 methylation in tRNA has been shown to regulate [Mg.sup.2+] binding,
anticodon stem-loop conformation, and secondary structure stabilization [21, 22].
Among the 115 tRNAs, eight are presumably to be possible pseudogenes, 105 are
anticodon tRNAs, and the remaining 2 have undetermined
anticodons.
Previous cases of early infantile onset report GARS variant in the
anticodon binding domain [7]; however, our siblings had GARS variant outside this domain.
This is relevant because, according to the wobble hypothesis', there are some deviations possible from the standard complementary nature of nucleobases for the last nucleotide in the mRNA codon and the first nucleotide of the tRNA
anticodon. There are changes of types Ggreater than A and Tgreater than C as part of the substitution within the third exon of the mGH gene.
The codons in mRNA are recognized by tRNA molecules which contain a 3-base sequence complementary to a codon and called an
anticodon. When used in polypeptide synthesis each tRNA molecule possesses a terminally bound amino acid (aminoacylated or charged tRNA).
OK, but we also know that translation requires not only the ribozyme, but also the set of encoded protein enzymes that each properly load the appropriate transfer RNA with the "right" amino acid to that tRNA such that via its
anticodon site it then binds to the "right" nucleotide triplet codon for the "right" amino acid for that position in the forming protein.
Post-transcriptional modification of the
anticodon domain in tRNA is a major factor in controlling gene expression which enables bacteria to survive in many different environments [2].