external


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Related to external: External locus of control

ex·ter·nal

 (ĭk-stûr′nəl)
adj.
1. Relating to, existing on, or connected with the outside or an outer part; exterior.
2. Suitable for application to the outside: external paints.
3. Existing independently of the mind.
4. Acting or coming from the outside: external pressures.
5. Of or relating chiefly to outward appearance; superficial: "An internal sense of righteousness dwindles into an external concern for reputation" (A.R. Gurney, Jr.).
6. Of or relating to foreign affairs or foreign countries: the country's minister of external affairs.
n.
1. An exterior part or surface.
2. externals
a. Outer circumstances.
b. Outward appearances: was charming as far as the externals went.

[Middle English, from Latin externus, outward, from exter; see eghs in Indo-European roots.]

ex·ter′nal·ly adv.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

external

(ɪkˈstɜːnəl)
adj
1. of, situated on, or suitable for the outside; outer
2. coming or acting from without: external evidence from an independent source.
3. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) of or involving foreign nations; foreign
4. (Medicine) of, relating to, or designating a medicine that is applied to the outside of the body
5. (Anatomy) anatomy situated on or near the outside of the body: the external ear.
6. (Education) education denoting assessment by examiners who are not employed at the candidate's place of study
7. (Education) Austral and NZ (of a student) studying a university subject extramurally
8. (Philosophy) philosophy (of objects, etc) taken to exist independently of a perceiving mind
n
9. (often plural) an external circumstance or aspect, esp one that is superficial or inessential
10. (Education) Austral and NZ a student taking an extramural subject
[C15: from Latin externus outward, from exterus on the outside, from ex out of]
exˈternally adv
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

ex•ter•nal

(ɪkˈstɜr nl)

adj.
1. of or pertaining to the outside or outer part; outer: an external surface.
2. to be applied to the outside of a body.
3. situated or being outside something; acting or coming from without: external influences.
4. pertaining to outward appearance: external acts of worship.
5. pertaining to or concerned with foreign countries: external affairs; external commerce.
6. of or pertaining to the world of things, considered as independent of the mind.
n.
7. the outside; outer surface; exterior.
8. externals, external features; outward appearance; superficialities.
[1400–50; see extern, -al1]
ex•ter′nal•ly, adv.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

exterior

external
1. 'exterior'

The exterior of a building or vehicle is the outside part of it.

The church is famous for its exterior.
You're supposed to keep your car exterior in good condition.

Exterior is often used as an adjective in front of a noun to refer to an outside part of a building or vehicle.

The aerial can be fixed to an exterior wall.
...the exterior bodywork.
2. 'external'

External can be used in front of a noun to refer to an outside part of a building.

...external walls.
...external doorways.

External can be used in front of other nouns to refer to things which happen, come from, or exist outside a place or area of activity.

Kindly observers may suggest that Novar is being hit by external factors outside its control.
They did it in response to external pressures.

You cannot use exterior in this way.

Collins COBUILD English Usage © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.external - outward features; "he enjoyed the solemn externals of religion"
characteristic, feature - a prominent attribute or aspect of something; "the map showed roads and other features"; "generosity is one of his best characteristics"
Adj.1.external - happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; "the external auditory canal"; "external pressures"
outside - relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit; "an outside margin"
internal - happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface; "internal organs"; "internal mechanism of a toy"; "internal party maneuvering"
2.external - coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups"
extrinsic - not forming an essential part of a thing or arising or originating from the outside; "extrinsic evidence"; "an extrinsic feature of the new building"; "that style is something extrinsic to the subject"; "looking for extrinsic aid"
3.external - from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help"
foreign - of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own); "foreign trade"; "a foreign office"
4.external - purely outward or superficial; "external composure"; "an external concern for reputation"- A.R.Gurney,Jr.
outward - relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind; "a concern with outward beauty rather than with inward reflections"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

external

adjective
2. foreign, international, alien, exotic, exterior, extraneous, extrinsic the commissioner for external affairs
foreign home, domestic, interior, intrinsic
3. outside, visiting, independent, extramural The papers are checked by external examiners.
outside inside, interior
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

external

adjective
Appearing as such but not necessarily so:
The American Heritage® Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright © 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Translations
خارِجيخَارِجيّ
externí
eksternudvendigydre
ulkoinen
vanjskieksterniizvanjski
külsõleg
utanverîur, ytri; útvortis
外部の
외부의
išoriškai
ārējs
extern
zunanji
extern
ที่ใช้ภายนอก
dışdış dışarıdan uygulanan
bên ngoài

external

[eksˈtɜːnl]
A. ADJ
1. (= outer) [wall, surface] → externo, exterior; [appearance, injury, gills, skeleton] → externo
"for external use only" (Med) → de uso tópico or externo
2. (= outside) [world, influences, factor] → externo
3. (= foreign) [affairs, relations] → exterior
B. N externalslas apariencias fpl
to judge by externalsjuzgar por las apariencias
C. CPD external account Ncuenta f con el exterior
external audit Nauditoría f externa
external debt Ndeuda f externa, deuda f exterior
external degree N (Brit) (Univ) → licenciatura f por libre
external examination Nexamen m externo
external examiner Nexaminador(a) m/f externo/a
external student N (Brit) (Univ) → alumno/a m/f externo/a, alumno/a m/f libre
external trade Ncomercio m exterior
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

external

[ɪkˈstɜːrnəl] adj [wall] → externe
for external use only (MEDICINE)à usage externe external affairsexternal affairs npl (POLITICS)affaires fpl extérieuresexternal examiner n (British)examinateur/trice m/f extérieur(e)
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

external

adj
(= outer) layer, covering, similarity etcäußere(r, s); dimensions, angle, diameterAußen-; injuryäußerlich; gillsaußen liegend; the external walls of the housedie Außenwände des Hauses; external appearanceAussehen nt; external surfaceAußenfläche f; external skeletonAußenskelett nt; for external use (Pharm) → zur äußerlichen Anwendung
(fig: = from outside) influence, factor, event, realityäußere(r, s), extern (geh); external pressuresDruck mvon außen; external causeäußerer Anlass; the external worlddie Außenwelt; to be external to somethingaußerhalb einer Sache liegen; (= not part of sth)nicht zu etw gehören; reasons both internal and external to the companyUrsachen, die sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb des Unternehmens zu finden sind
(= foreign) affairs, relations, policyauswärtig; the European commissioner for external affairsder EG-Kommissar für auswärtige Angelegenheiten; MI6, the external security serviceMI6, der militärische Abschirmdienst
(= independent) examiner, auditor, assessor, evaluatorextern
n externals
pl (form)Äußerlichkeiten pl

external

:
external borders
pl (of country)Landesgrenzen pl; (of area)Außengrenzen pl
external debt
external degree
n (Brit Univ) Abschluss nach einem Fernstudium
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

external

[ɛksˈtɜːnl]
1. adj (walls) → esterno/a; (appearance) → esteriore
external affairs (Pol) → affari mpl esteri
for external use only (Med) → solo per uso esterno
external examiner → esaminatore/trice esterno/a
external processes (Geol) → fenomeni mpl esogeni
2. n the externalsle apparenze
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

external

(ikˈstəːnl) adjective
of, for, from, or on, the outside. Chemists often label skin creams `For external use only'.
exˈternally adverb
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

external

خَارِجيّ externí ydre extern εξωτερικός externo ulkoinen externe vanjski esterno 外部の 외부의 extern ytre zewnętrzny externo внешний extern ที่ใช้ภายนอก dış bên ngoài 外部的
Multilingual Translator © HarperCollins Publishers 2009

external

adj externo
English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
References in classic literature ?
There was her husband's reproach looking at her from the external things around her which he had provided for her external existence.
In the first place (I), the student must gain some general knowledge of the conditions out of which English literature has come into being, as a whole and during its successive periods, that is of the external facts of one sort or another without which it cannot be understood.
The utility of a Confederacy, as well to suppress faction and to guard the internal tranquillity of States, as to increase their external force and security, is in reality not a new idea.
These cases are the more worthy of our attention, as the external causes by which the component parts were pressed together were much more numerous and powerful than in our case; and consequently less powerful ligaments within would be sufficient to bind the members to the head, and to each other.
And yet, I said, it is unreasonable to suppose that anything can perish from without through affection of external evil which could not be destroyed from within by a corruption of its own?
And the question whether we can know most about the psychology of human beings or about that of animals turns upon yet another, namely: Is introspection or external observation the surer method in psychology?
Many long talks had been fruitless in external action, though fruitful for the understanding of the pair; but at last, one showery Tuesday, the Squire might have been observed upon his way to the cottage in the lane.
As the external difference between them is mainly observable in their heads; and as a head of each is this moment hanging from the Pequod's side; and as we may freely go from one to the other, by merely stepping across the deck: --where, I should like to know, will you obtain a better chance to study practical cetology than here?
Thus there is a reference here to an external standard, for if the terms 'great' and 'small' were used absolutely, a mountain would never be called small or a grain large.
Naturalists continually refer to external conditions, such as climate, food, &c., as the only possible cause of variation.
In the third category he included those Brothers (the majority) who saw nothing in Freemasonry but the external forms and ceremonies, and prized the strict performance of these forms without troubling about their purport or significance.
Though the long period of a Southern whaling voyage (by far the longest of all voyages now or ever made by man), the peculiar perils of it, and the community of interest prevailing among a company, all of whom, high or low, depend for their profits, not upon fixed wages, but upon their common luck, together with their common vigilance, intrepidity, and hard work; though all these things do in some cases tend to beget a less rigorous discipline than in merchantmen generally; yet, never mind how much like an old Mesopotamian family these whalemen may, in some primitive instances, live together; for all that, the punctilious externals, at least, of the quarter-deck are seldom materially relaxed, and in no instance done away.