President Adams

For Marshall's failure to find a new chief justice, President Adams said: "I believe I must nominate you ..." Years later Adams told his supporters: "My gift of John Marshall to the people of the United States was the proudest act of my life."

President Adams "not long before his retirement ...

Lee reviews in order the significant events in Washington's life of devoted service, from the French and Indian War to his final letter to President Adams; offers a stirring two-paragraph summation; describes his comportment as he lay painfully dying; and finishes by conjuring a vision of Washington's ghost, offering posthumous comfort and instruction to his people.

When President Jefferson realized how outgoing President Adams had packed the judiciary, he ordered that some of those commissions be held up.

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Congress approved the Declaration of Independence on July 4, and though the notoriously prickly John Adams, later President Adams, was so right about so much else, we mark July 4 as Independence Day.

Jefferson correctly pointed out that neither Congress nor former President Adams could point to any delegated power that supported the Sedition Act.

France seized advantage on the high seas of American military impotence, leading President Adams to counter French depredations with the military bill of 1798 bolstering a nearly non-existent army and navy.

President Adams, thank you for that very kind introduction, although I must tell you that when I was president of A&M I always arranged that I spoke before the student speaker.

Furthermore, the two were political rivals: Marshall, a Federalist, had been George Washington's aide during the Revolutionary War, Secretary of State and personal confidant to President Adams, and Adams's appointee as Chief Justice during his final weeks in office.

If you wish to work with President Adams's papers, visit the Massachusetts Historical Society at http://www.masshist.org/adams/.

Vice President Thomas Jefferson reported that he and President Adams had only a brief discussion about diplomatic posts at the beginning of the administration, then "he never after that said one word to me on the subject, or ever consulted me as to any measures of the government." At various points in history, the vice president has not even been invited to cabinet meetings.