The great and radical vice in the construction of the existing Confederation is in the principle of LEGISLATION for STATES or GOVERNMENTS, in their CORPORATE or COLLECTIVE CAPACITIES, and as contradistinguished from the INDIVIDUALS of which they consist.
Any theory explaining why perpetration is normatively more wrong and harmful than remote assistance/encouragement would have to contradistinguish the special case of the dictator who motivates many to perpetrate war crimes for him, because it is an exemplar that has special moral features that takes it out of the domain of the nonnal accessory and perpetrator problem.
Although we have seen Aquinas apply the term modus to divine being, he will sometimes use the term in treatments of creation and participation to contradistinguish the finite being of creatures from the infinity of the Creator: "Quolibet enim alio nomine determinatur aliquis modus substantiae rei; sed hoc nomen QUI EST, nullum modum essendi determinat, sed se habet indeterminate ad omnes, et ideo nominat ipsum pelagius substantiae infinitum"; Summa theologiae I, q.
Freedom of the press or expression is your personal right to report or express only what you know is true and factual as essentially contradistinguished from free will of the press or free will of expression, which is your personal choice or decision to report or to express either what you know is true and factual or what you know is false and fictitious, a personal choice between what is right and what is wrong, what is good and what is evil.
[N]atural or inherent rights, which belong to all men irrespective of all conventional regulations, are by this constitution guarantied by the broad and comprehensive word 'person,' as contradistinguished from the limited term citizen--as in the fifth article of amendments, guarding those sacred rights which are as universal and indestructible as the human race ....