They represented the equality of
apparent horizon and event horizon for de Sitter universe.
If [[theta].sub.+] = 0 or [[theta].sub.-] = 0, then S is referred to as a future or past
apparent horizon. These surfaces naturally arise as boundaries of future or past trapped regions.
Part I describes numerical techniques for different types of problems, including 3+1 or N+1 formulations, finite-differencing methods, matter field equations, initial-value problems, deriving gravitational waves, and locating the
apparent horizon of a black hole.
Hawking smashes the idea of a black hole by saying that instead of there being an inescapable event horizon, they should think of a far less total "
apparent horizon".
Saha and Mondal [56] have studied thermodynamics on
apparent horizon with the help of gravitationally induced particle scenario with constant specific entropy and particle creation rate [GAMMA].
For a first approximation of the Moon's altitude, the differences in these elevations allowed us to calculate that the photograph's
apparent horizon, formed by the distant Clark Range roughly nine miles from Glacier Point, was raised about 5[degrees]above the ideal geometric horizon.
The surface gravity on the
apparent horizon is given by
"What was really amazing," says Suen, "is that you could see the
apparent horizon pop out faster than the shock waves." The
apparent horizon is the surface that defines the edge of the newly forming black hole.
Akbar and Cai [19] found that the Friedmann equations at the
apparent horizon can be written in the form dE = TdS + WdV (E, V, and W are the energy, volume inside the horizon, and work density, resp.) in general relativity (GR), GB gravity, and the general Lovelock theory of gravity.
You might improve your chances by observing from extreme elevations, where you can lower your
apparent horizon by at least a half degree.
One such boundary is the
apparent horizon with the radius (for the spatially flat universe),
It is notable that starting from the Clausius relation to the
apparent horizon along with the modified dispersion relation, one can easily get the modified Friedmann equation with bounce solution to the FRW universe [14,15], but the answer is not direct in Padmanabhans conjecture in the emergent universe.
apparent horizon - the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet